External Analysis of My Company & PEST Analysis Research Paper

Outer Analysis of My Company and PEST Analysis - Research Paper Example Monetary Factors People’s level of salary to browse less expensive substitutes, costs of crude material Social Factors Taste and interest for chocolates in a specific district Technological variables Introduction of new procedures and strategies for creation The company’s ecological investigation can be embraced by the assistance of PEST examination. Since Hershey works internationally, stress that the nearby factors influencing the organization vary in different locales. In any case, there are general natural elements which incorporate political elements. These elements can influence the activities of the organization as, for example, the administration of the locale where Hershey works revises its arrangement identifying with fare and import methodology or may present some other changes eventually influencing the tasks of the organization. Then again, laws, for example, work or buyer products laws, in any locale can likewise influence the organization. To more readily delineate the previously mentioned with model, it must be noticed that today Hershey has built up its essence in Canada and Mexico because of NAFTA (Smith 132). Financial components like any adjustments in the economy, for example, costs of sugar, gather of cocoa and so on., can influence the organization too (Smith 132). The way of life and the pay of the individuals in the locale will likewise influence the company’s deals; it implies that individuals in less created nations may devour less chocolate than they used to do before financial changes. Social components, for example, people’s taste (for example, more appeal for dim chocolate over white chocolate), will influence company’s focus in some specific market. At long last, innovative elements, for example, progressions in mechanical procedure and better approaches for chocolate producing, can likewise influence the organization (â€Å"Annual Report† 4, 7). Industry Analysis FORCES INTENSITY Threats of new contestants Low Bargaining intensity of providers High Bargaining intensity of clients Low Pressure from substitute items High Rivalry High Nowadays the chocolate business is by all accounts stale with deficient number of amazing players entering the market due to the huge capital necessities and exacting guidelines; be that as it may, the current significant players have caught their business sectors well. There is extreme rivalry among existing mammoths. High reliance on the providers for cocoa beans, which are for the most part found in Africa (70%), makes the situation of a provider inside the business more grounded. Then again, the clients are generally managed through retail chains, which doesn’t offer them a chance to take a sufficient situation to control costs (â€Å"Annual Report† 5). Contender Analysis The opposition inside the business is exceptionally extraordinary. So as to win a piece of the overall industry the contenders attempt to freely exten d their business sectors. Notwithstanding the immediate rivalry from inside, the business needs to confront roundabout rivalry from outside. Nibble nourishments, grain, frozen yogurt makers are very fruitful in getting a similar market too. A portion of the contenders of Hershey are Mars, Nestle, General Mills, Hain Celestial Group, and Kraft and so on. (Michman and Mazze 205). Market Analysis GLOBAL MARKER SHARE OF DIFFERENT COMPANIES Company Market share Cadbury and Kraft 14.8% Mars 14.6% Nestle 7.8% Hershey 4.6% Ferrero 4.5% Others 4.9% (â€Å"

Design Differences in Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research :: sociology,

The structure contrasts in subjective research in contrast with quantitative research clearly observed are these: subjective research includes words, pictures, or items; quantitative includes information as numbers and insights. The specialist utilizes top to bottom meetings in subjective research to discover how the subjects see their reality. In quantitative research the scientist utilizes exact estimation to anticipate speculations. In subjective research the scientist changes nature of the subject and uses these inside and out polls to discover varying mentalities about the world we live in. Quantitative can be close to home, for example, in occasional encounters with the scientists to examination side effects and record information. Subjective and quantitative can cover in the in-dept talk with process in quantitative research to record information and guineas pigs for indications. The two plans can cover however there are at long last contrasts, for example, numerical informati on assortment and measurements that will consistently be in conflict. I will consistently differ with the explanation that quantitative research is generic since experience is the best information to realize that isn't accurate despite the fact that on a superficial level quantitative research appears to be indifferent in light of the fact that crude information is gotten. It initially starts with the meeting in the two techniques. At that point it advances and branches off into two altogether different techniques. The human quality is there all through the examination in quantitative research however you are required to attribute information into the framework day by day. At the point when you meet with the specialists occasionally you are helped to remember the human quality. Analysts in all examination care about their subjects, if even in proficient way. In completion, these are the authoritative contrasts between the two strategies that are generally perceived: The quantitative technique initially includes a hypothesis and theory unmistakably expressed to start with, the subjective strategies don't define a speculation until the finish of the examination. Besides, the quantitative strategy includes control and control. A case of control is the medication the control is the fake treatment. The medication is the instrument, you are being probed, the information you give is broke down and a hypothesis or theory is contemplated. At that point the information is decreased to insights that are unique and reasonable by statististitians. Besides in correlation, subjective research closes with the theory, includes rise and depiction of the world through the subjects eyes, the scientist changes the subjects condition so the he/she can see how the subject responds in specific manners, the specialist estimates enthusiastic reactions and is legitimately engaged with the examination similar to a confederate, or a fair onlooker.

Psychology Of Financial Planning Investing - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk about the Psychology Of Financial Planning Investing. Answer: Earlier investigations uncover that greater part of people are monetarily fruitful can be believed to have settled on keen money related choices for their entire life. At the beginning it tends to be said that budgetary organizer are of the view that the previous individuals begin settling on keen choices, the sooner individuals become acquainted with where they need to get to, and it is imperative to have a key intend to show up there. The more extended individuals pause, the more individuals want to spare so as to show up at that objective. Basically, this standard is especially helpful for long haul investment funds targets. th current examination expects to proves the way that in the event that on the off chance that individuals mean to get settled in the years in front, at that point according to budgetary organizers at that point presently is the opportune time to start to accept activities. By building up a sound money related arrangement in the here and now can have a superio r feeling of monetary opportunity tomorrow. All things considered, with each part of funds redid to the aspirations, individuals can lay a pathway that is fundamentally clear just as simple to seek after. As appropriately showed by Austin et al., (2014), money related arranging can be viewed as helpful just as significant devices for extraordinarily youthful people hoping to create and improve their general resources in an offer to appreciate an agreeable budgetary situation in after life. Basically, it is additionally critical that individuals select the privilege money related organizer, together with the proper income model to help with meeting the drawn out goals. The drawn out money related goal of youthful individual will much of the time include advancement of benefits in an offer to appreciate a monetary safe and made sure about budgetary possibility. Additionally, numerous people inside the age of 25 years to 40 years neglect to put the structure obstructs in an offer to accomplish their target. Larger part of the populace can imagine a brilliant future, anyway numerous people are basically not doing the basic arrangement. Lusardi Mitchell, (2017) suggests in the investigation that monetary arranging is required for adequate development of advantage and need not be postponed or disregarded by any youthful individual having enormous aspirations for the up and coming period. Nonetheless, the most ideal approach to verify that individuals are on the correct way is to get arranging at the beginning time. Monetary training isn't approved to be a piece of the school educational plan in New Zealand. A private trust named Enterprise New Zealand Trust has structured exhaustive budgetary instruction program for especially optional schools so as to create mindfulness in regards to money related arranging. Lusardi Mitchell, (2017) proposes that individual money related training at the auxiliary school level can help in making a commitment to development of the economy by progress of budgetary proficiency. The legislature in New Zealand founded the Retirement Commission during the year 1993 so as to create just as convey individual monetary instruction to all the New Zealanders. Numerous people imagine that there is have to collect a particular mystical measure of riches satisfactory can be viewed as the uncertain term that they use before individuals can even start to reflect about budgetary arranging. This positively brings up the issue what precisely is satisfactory. The administration embraces activities to monetarily teach individuals to dispose of wrong observations. Agarwal et al., (2015) recommends that there is no base sum that individuals need earlier individuals start, in light of the fact that the methodology of money related arranging isn't labeled to explicit numbers. The budgetary proficiency can assist New Zealanders with understanding the way that it is imperative to know the current state and afterward determine their future money related state. As indicated by Curl et al., (2014) this can be accomplished by considering people resources, credits, profit just as exhausts before arranging the required activities to help in accomplishing the f uture objectives. As indicated by an examination completed by OCBC Bank with 500 rising prosperous families, around 40% wanted to be educated about the way that it is never past the point where it is possible to start arranging since monetary arranging is neither for present moment nor for the drawn out objectives. For regular couple who are in their 30s, their targets incorporate buying a house, getting the subsequent vehicle, paying for the training of the youngsters, putting something aside for retirement, and saving assets for mature age guardians. The couple can do well by investigating the endless commitment of different instruments past fixed stores to be specific unit believes, gift plans, and outside monetary forms at the hour of making arrangements for remote training for their children. Once more, so as to accomplish achievement throughout everyday life, monetarily arranging is fundamental for all, especially for school graduates who will endure monetarily autonomously from their folks without precedent forever, experiencing elevated levels of expenses of living in lion's share of urban communities and limited measures of assets to get by as a green hand especially in their vocation. School graduates are as often as possible found out to accomplish dreams of a major living arrangemen t or a vehicle, yet by and large have no idea of the method for arriving (Davies, 2015).And undergrads of New Zealand just accomplish a score of roughly 62% in tests on close to home money as they watch budgetary arranging help excessively ill defined, too definite or, more than likely not profitable enough. In this way, on the off chance that if prologue to especially money related arranging can be planned according to the premiums just as needs by understudies, school graduates can have the precise inspiration alongside information for gaining control of their accounts and achieve monetary security by building insightful choices from the earliest starting point. As indicated by study concentrate by Boisclair et al., (2017), undergrads lay incredible significance on the zones that convey monetary security, for example, retirement arranging and an assessment of wellbeing and necessities of extra security. In any case, vehicles of positioning venture are critical for accomplishment o f retirement arranging in the floor as they have lacking information on every one of these instruments together with the time estimation of cash. In this manner, undergrads additionally need to counsel organizer for speculation ahead. It will be simpler for them to spare that may appear to be unrealistic, build up specific objectives and think about likely arrangements after their graduation. Additionally, they can likewise prepare by setting up a rundown of the monetary targets by recognizing needs just as courses of events around tentative arrangements, approximating the sum basic to accomplish destinations and distinguishing the significant objectives in the occasion when cash in their grasp gets tight. For this reason they also can make an arrangement for sparing and learn the sum that the understudy expects to put aside all the time so as to meet the targets (Baker Ricciardi, 2014). In light of the discoveries, it very well may be thusly said that monetary arranging isn't just for rich however for all. Moreover single experts additionally have need of money related arranging. Alluding to a case can help in understanding the case. A solitary lady proficient filling in as colleague educator at a main University finished her doctorate and remains with father who is monetarily dependent. Once more, her vocation is basically requesting. Being single proficient and having no wards additionally makes her lighthearted with respect to budgetary arranging and was subject to father for this. Be that as it may, her dad confronted a mishap and died. Other than enthusiastic misfortune, the budgetary existence of cheerful young lady was in risk since she had no origination with respect to the best approach to deal with her accounts. Joined Nations Development Program announces in a report that ladies performs around 67% of the universal activities yet gain 10% of the absolute worldwide salary and have roughly 1% of the all out global resources. In any case, for this situation ladies gain a low sc ore in money related proficiency (Hong Hanna, 2014). The SP Ratings Services Global Financial Literacy Survey for the year 2014 mirrors that there are sexual orientation holes in budgetary proficiency. They can follow the activity plan of turning out to be mindful moneywise, oversee hazards and create possibility support. Thus, mid vocation wedded couple have a few dreams to satisfy at a given point in time. A case shows that Ron and Sharon Beck matured 38 years split distinctive cash errands. They didn't anyway examine cash before their marriage; consequently dropped out on issues with respect to acquisition of investment property by contract installment upto half (Davies, 2015). In this way, for their situation money related arranging and guidance of budgetary organizer is basic for accomplishing monetary similarity. Senior corporate administrators too experience selective difficulties of budgetary arranging, as their money related positions are essentially legitimately attached to especially accomplishment just as societies of the organization they work for.The intends to beat this test is to synchronize the projects of the organization with individual resources and monetary goals of officials. Greater part of counsels and money related firms don't have this information (Agarwal et al., 2015). Thusly, it is fundamental that the ones who focus on working with corporate administrators acknowledge corporate projects and perceive approaches to create plans that guarantee money related security of officials in the long haul. All in all, in light of the investigations it very well may be said that money related arranging is a powerful method for producing budgetary similarity for New Zealanders in various stages and circles of life. Consequently, so as to make budgetary progress individuals at various domains can build up a solid premise by understanding issues of cash and taking an interest in issues of cash after legitimate monetary arranging. References Agarwal, S., Amromin, G., Ben-David, I., Chomsisengphet, S., Evanoff, D. D. (2015). Budgetary education and money related arranging: Evidence from India.Journal of Housing Ec

An Essay Topic That Will Help You Get Good Grades

An Essay Topic That Will Help You Get Good GradesWhether you are a high school student or a college student, a good comparison essay topic can help you in writing a very effective essay. But it is important to realize that not all college professors prefer to use the same essay topic for their students.Even though a different topic may seem like an obvious choice, many professors may think differently because of the subject matter of the assignment. In order to come up with a theme or a particular topic that will meet the needs of your professor, you need to consider the following questions.First, do you want a topic that is easy for you to write or one that will make it harder for you? If you are the type of person who likes to put lots of information into a short essay, you might prefer the latter. If you just need to express your thoughts in an easy and concise manner, you might be best served by choosing a topic that requires less writing time.Most college professors are going to have different opinions on the subject matter and their opinions will come into play when evaluating your essay. Most likely, your topic will most likely require a fair amount of explanation to get through. The better written your essay topic is, the easier it will be for you to tackle the discussion sections.Next, are you an essay style novice or one who is used to writing essays that go right over the heads of college students? If so, you should probably avoid using humor, colorful language, or other elements that are common among common college students. You need to read about them and have more experience when it comes to writing essays before trying to develop them.Finally, do you think you are a great writer or do you just think you know how to make up ideas? While it may be true that many people just write down whatever comes to mind, this may not be the case for you. In addition, do you think you can handle the pressure of submitting an essay that needs to be graded on a hi gh standard?By following the tips listed above, you can come up with good comparison essay topics for your grade. No matter what your level of writing ability, you can find good topics that will help you become a better writer.

How World War II Affected Women

Womens lives changed in many ways during World War II. As with most wars, many women found their roles and opportunities—and responsibilities—expanded. As Doris Weatherford wrote, â€Å"War holds many ironies, and among them is its liberating effect on women.† But the war also results in the special degradation of women, as victims of sexual violence. Around the World While many of the resources on this topic address American women specifically, Americans were by no means unique in being affected by and  playing critical roles in the war. Women in other Allied and Axis countries were also affected. Some ways in which women were affected were specific and unusual: the comfort women of China and Korea and the extermination and suffering of Jewish women in the Holocaust, for example. Women were among those held in internment camps by the United States for being of Japanese descent. Women and the Holocaustâ€Å"Comfort Women: of China and KoreaMargaret Bourke-White Photographs including of concentration and work campsJapanese Internment in the U.S. In other ways, there were similar or parallel global experiences: the advent of British, Soviet, and American women pilots or the worldwide home-makers burden of coping with wartime rationing and shortages, for example. American Women at Home and Work Husbands went to war or went to work in factories in other parts of the country, and the wives had to pick up their husbands responsibilities. With fewer men in the workforce, women filled more traditionally male jobs. World War II: Women at HomeWorld War II: Women at Work  (Images: Rosie the Riveter and Her Sisters)World War II: Women and Government Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady, served during the war as the â€Å"eyes and ears† for her husband, whose ability to travel widely was impacted by his disability after he’d contracted polio in 1921. American Women and the Military In the military, women were excluded from combat duty, so women were called on to fill some military jobs that men had performed, to free men for combat duty. Some of those jobs took women near or into combat zones, and sometimes combat came to civilian areas, so some women died.  Special divisions for women were created in most of the military branches. World War II: Women and the MilitaryWASP: Women Pilots of World War II More Roles Some women, American and others, are known for their roles resisting the war.  Some of these women were pacifists, some opposed their country’s side, and some cooperated with invaders. World War II: Women Spies, Traitors, Pacifists, and War OpponentsTokyo Rose: imprisoned for treason, eventually cleared, pardoned in 1977Josephine Baker Celebrities were used on all sides as propaganda figures. A few used their celebrity status to work to raise funds or even to work in the underground. World War II: Women Celebrities and the WarLeni RiefenstahlLillian HellmanFuture celebrity Marilyn Monroe was photographed in a World War II factory job For further exploration, see the excellent read on the topic: Doris Weatherford’s American Women and World War II.

Symbolism, And Imagery In George Orwells Animal Farm

As a boy, George Orwell felt as if he was alone. He described his school as split into distinct classes. â€Å"There are minority with an aristocratic or millionaire background, there were children of the ordinary suburban rich, who made up the bulk of the school, and there were a few underlings like myself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 43 Orwell). Later on, he fought in the Civil War, and then went to become a radio announcer for World War 2. His life experiences inspired â€Å"The Animal Farm†. George Orwell integrated imagery, analogy, and irony into â€Å"Animal Farm† through symbolism, thematic issues, and author’s tone and use of various forms of literary devices. The animals represent positions in society. The pigs, such as Old Major, Napoleon, Squealer, and†¦show more content†¦The revolution was both of their only thoughts. â€Å"Rebellion will come, it might be in a week or a hundred years, but as I know, as surely as I see this will be done, â⠂¬Å"said Old Major (pg. 7). Boxer was easily manipulated. He exemplifies the working class of a society where communism is prominent. He specifically represents the Soviet Union’s working class. The Soviet society was brainwashed. They believed any piece of information given, when I reality that information was incorrect. The working class experienced betrayal by their country and leader. Napoleon betrayed many such as Boxer, who worked very hard and put trust in his leader. George Orwell utilized the form to symbolize various classes in society. The use of a farm as a setting demonstrates the idea of being secluded. A farm has fences in all directions; therefore, one can infer that the animals are trapped. Are we trapped in society as well? The animals did not want to associate the classes into one; they wanted to gain freedom from man. The fence can also represent a society as one because being in close quarters has merged the animals together to rebel as one un it against the common enemy the different areas of which the animals rest in symbolizes the different levels of wealth and class as well. When the animals came together on behalf of Old Major and Napoleon, they organized a rebellion. The Russian Revelation relates to the farm rebellion. The farm began with goodShow MoreRelatedCommentary on the Satiric Nature of George Orwells 19841926 Words   |  8 Pageslittle consequence to society, is certainly achieved through a concoction of literary styles. The most enduring and effective works of literature exhibit an artful combination of literary device and aforementioned technique. Without a doubt, George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four exhibits such a blend of style through characteristics of a dystopian novel and satire. Orwell lived in a time when the spread of communism, mostly unbeknownst to his audience, posed an unimaginable threat to freedom. ThereforeRead MoreA Marxist Critical Approach to Fitzgerald’s The Great G atsby Essay example1597 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst sign of the lower classes rising to the forefront of the political agenda at the time is evident from Wilson’s questioning of Gatsby in relation to his car, â€Å"When are you going to sell me that car?† Parallels can be drawn between this and George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and the concept of â€Å"thought crime†. Here, the proletariats are punished for attempting to register an ounce of free will. This aids the reader’s understanding to a great extent within The Great Gatsby as we see that WilsonRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagespreaching, propaganding a favorite idea, or encouraging some form of correct conduct, theme may mean the moral or lesson that can be extracted from the work, as with one of Aesop’s fables or Parson Weems’ famous (and, sadly, apocryphal) story about George Washington and the cherry tree. Theme is also used som etimes to refer to the basic issue, problem or subject with which the work is concerned: for example, â€Å"the nature of man†, â€Å"the discovery of truth†, or â€Å"the brotherhood of man†. In this sense,

Perverse Audit Culture and Accountability

Question: Discuss about thePerverse Audit Culture and Accountability. Answer: Introduction The modern world with a rising economic infrastructure requires new and modern tools and techniques to overcome the constraints of a growing world. The economic condition of the world is booming at its peak and every organization working in this environment needs to keep an innovative tool to evaluate its own nature and condition of the business. The industries need to look after the financial part of the company, which is one of the core areas involved in the smooth movement of a business. The proper analyzing of the income and expenditure is essential through proper evaluation of the statements and information of facts, which are relevant and verified (Geerts et al.2013). This report deals with the basic auditing practices, which are done by every organizations present in an economy in order to evaluate the process of production and set policies and regulations in order to gain competitive edge in the market. The report also emphasizes on the role of auditors and how the work of auditing is important to every organization throughout the world. Brief overview of the topic as covered in the article including the nature of the auditing issue The topic covers the problems arising in HIH insurance leading to its collapse which is stated to be the biggest tragedy in the Australian Market. This article focuses on the auditors independent issue and other ethical considerations that affected the firm badly along with the other parties related with the firm including the policyholders. The problem related with auditors independence is being analyzed and proper recommendations are suggested which HIH insurance could have done to avoid such an issue. Auditors independence- Audit independence issue played a major part in the collapse of HIH insurance. The auditors should be given enough liberty to provide an impartial prospective in the evaluation of results regarding the presentation of audit and its report (Blay and Geiger 2013). According to the reports of HIH Royal Commission, the royal commissioner revealed that Arthur Andersen was not self-regulating himself in his work and had not proficiently enacted the duties of an auditor. Three former partners of Andersen acted as the HIH Board of Directors who continued to receive fees and that generated the threat of familiarity because of a close personal relationship which restricted Arthur Andersen to work independently. APES 110 Code of Ethics takes into account the liberty matter with Section 290.28 of new policy from July 1, stating auditors of listed and public interest firms should converse with governance people in the firm continuously about stuff related to independence (Tepalagul and Lin 2015). Ethical Issues and their financial and non-financial consequences on stakeholders Ethical issues that generated in the audit profession triggered a collapse of HIH insurance. Ethical behavior in corporate world is the values and principals one works on. It so happens that professional auditors do sometimes get stuck midway that crop up from professional predicament. Auditors need to abide themselves by the ethical standards so that the shareholders get a fair deal. Objectivity, confidentiality, integrity, professional behavior and professional competence are the five principles that bind the work frame of auditors (Knechel et al. 2012). During the period from 1997-2000 HIH insurance paid Arthur Andersen around $5.1 million as audit fees and with $2.8 million going in the non-audit section. Adding to that Andersen earned around $5.097 million from auditing the monetary declaration of HIH insurance and $2.824 million from contribution in non-audit services. The issue that strikes here is that was providing Arthur Andersen with non-audit services ethical on the part of the management keeping in mind the best interests of shareholders. The HIH insurance management was uncertain in escalating the total of audit fees supposed to be paid to Arthur Andersen; Andersen wanted to lessen the quantity of service rendered on the HIH audit. Jeffrey Simpson , an ex-accountant of HIH insurance affirmed that the close association of HIH insurance management and Arthur Andersen facilitated HIH insurance to adopt aggressive accounting policies. As Andersen was also assigned to non-audit services, the real job should have been to take care of third party policies and to present the shareholders with a fair value of opinion with real picture existing in companies audit report. In case of HIH insurance, stakeholders were at plenty and the firms downfall did affect them badly. The collapse of HIH insurance was due to major players like Regulators, auditors and the Government. The shareholders of HIH suffered losses on their investment and certain reports that did the rounds after its collapse is that their insurance contracts were not privileged and claims not rewarded. APES 110 Code of ethics states that there should be credentials and recognizing the threats related to independence (Martinov-Bennie and Mladenovic 2015). When safeguards are essential to reduce a threat to an acceptable level, one need to document the nature of threat and reduce it to a satisfactory level. Analysis of the problem in the context of relevant ethical theories and agency theory Agency theory defines that as a consequence of information asymmetries, principal do not have enough reasons to trust their agents. Principal do seek to determine these anxiety by putting accordingly mechanisms to bring into line the iterests of agents as well as principals and to diminish the scope for information asymmetries and opportunistic actions. Difference in motivation and information asymmetries lead to apprehend the dependability of information causing to impact the trust level that principals will have on their agents. It is the duty of the auditor to verify the exactness and accuracy of the information offered by corporations. He plays the role of a mediator between the management and the client of this monetary information. To lessen the information asymmetry the auditor needs to communicate with those in need of the information he presents. Recommendations The above report analyzes the different roles of auditing which is important for all the organizations to overcome the weak links present in a firm. With respect to the company taken into consideration which is HIH, it can be observed that a good governance can be reachable through proper policies and administrative actions. The implementation of the best practice of ethics and governance is also important for the company to achieve its goals. Good corporate governance will be helpful to create a good working environment to reach success and to analyze the main problems which are the reasons for the failure of the company HIH. A good and sound auditor will demolish the poor management and problems resulting out of lack of skills and attention. The liability for performance and integrity in the internal system of the company can be rectified too. The auditing process provides a good administrative policies and regulations which enables the management to differentiate between the diffe rent operations and should act for the best interests of the company (Craig, Amernic, and Tourish2014). The line of authority and delegations and development of code of conduct to cover up the legal and management guidelines is an important way to monitor and review the strategic operational and projects integrated (Gray and Laughlin 2012). Conclusion The report justifies that the best corporate governance practice is required to allow good financial performance and increase the returns for the shareholders. The lapse in the monitoring model is a factor for the disregard of the principles of good corporate administration. HIH failed in attaining the periodical evaluation of the corporate practices and the policies and regulations of the company. This led to the collapse in all the sectors of the company. Thus new effective methods need to be introduced to achieve the goals of HIH and the need of a auditing and a sound auditor is required to help gain the competitive edge of the organization. Reference Blay, A.D. and Geiger, M.A., 2013. Auditor fees and auditor independence: Evidence from going concern reporting decisions.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), pp.579-606. Carnegie, G.D. and OConnell, B.T., 2014. A longitudinal study of the interplay of corporate collapse, accounting failure and governance change in Australia: Early 1890s to early 2000s.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(6), pp.446-468. Craig, R., Amernic, J. and Tourish, D., 2014. Perverse audit culture and accountability of the modern public university.Financial Accountability Management,30(1), pp.1-24. Geerts, G.L., Graham, L.E., Mauldin, E.G., McCarthy, W.E. and Richardson, V.J., 2013. Integrating information technology into accounting research and practice.Accounting Horizons,27(4), pp.815-840. Gray, R. and Laughlin, R., 2012. It was 20 years ago today: Sgt Pepper, Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, green accounting and the blue meanies.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,25(2), pp.228-255. Knechel, W.R., Krishnan, G.V., Pevzner, M., Shefchik, L.B. and Velury, U.K., 2012. Audit quality: Insights from the academic literature.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,32(sp1), pp.385-421. Martinov-Bennie, N. and Mladenovic, R., 2015. Investigation of the impact of an ethical framework and an integrated ethics education on accounting students ethical sensitivity and judgment.Journal of Business Ethics,127(1), pp.189-203. Tepalagul, N. and Lin, L., 2015. Auditor Independence and Audit Quality A Literature Review.Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance,30(1), pp.101-121.

Why Do People Commit Crime an Example by

Why Do People Commit Crime In times past, researchers have tried to unravel the mystery of people committing crimes. Several schools of thought have been used to explain the reason why people indulge in crime. The classical theory sates that crime is at the prerogative of the individual. It also goes ahead to state that human beings are rational and make decisions freely, with a good understanding of its consequences. Need essay sample on "Why Do People Commit Crime" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed College Students Very Often Tell Us: Idon't want to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my boyfriend Specialists advise: Academic Papers For Students Cheap Essay Writing Service Custom Writing Pay To Write Papers Cheap Reliable Essay Writing Service There is also the biological theory which believes that the major determinants of an individuals behavior are genetic. It states that the behavior of individuals is genetically determined, with the interaction of nutrition, environment and hormones. In a similar fashion, the psychobiological theory tries to explain the criminal tendency of individuals by linking constitutional defects like chromosomal abnormalities, vitamin deficiencies with genetic makeup of an individual predispose such individuals to criminal tendencies. The sociological theory on the other hand sees the social environment as the case of criminal behavior, with defective family ties, serving as a catalyst to criminal tendencies. With the sociological theory, criminals do not see the good in conforming to the usual norm of obeying the law. They derive satisfaction from breaking the law. Crime is frequently noticed in teenagers and young people. This stage of life is characterized by a lot of exploration and peer influence. The risky behavior syndrome, whereby young people are under the Illusion that they are invincible and cannot be caught, even if they run into trouble sometimes leads them to commit crimes. The social class of the individual also contributes a great deal to the criminal tendency of an individual. Crime, like other illegal activities is rampant among people of the lower social strata who claim that they have no other means to make ends meet. They therefore indulge in criminal activities in order to make ends meet. The masculine gender is also more easily associated with criminal activities than their feminine counterparts. This is also partly due to hormonal effect. Testosterone is a hormone secreted in large amounts by males. This is said to have an effect on their body metabolism in terms of how they metabolites energy substrates. In this vane, they tend to be more physically active than females. This also contributes to their involvement in criminal activities. The place of race can also be found in the prevalence of crime. Samuel Cartwright, the Italian school and the American schools of thought tried to give different reasons why people involve in crime. A convergent point can be found in the fact that crime is attributed to minority groups, cultures and societies that cohabit with other larger ones. In general terms, as long as a group, race or ethnic group feels disadvantaged in any way, some members of the group indulge in crime, as a backlash behavior to get back at the major one, or in order to forcibly take their own share of resources. In the global perspective, the disproportionate distribution of crime can also be correlated with the level of income of people in a locality. The dichotomy between developed countries and the developing, and underdeveloped country is also a major issue. Developing countries are characterized by a low per capital income. Coupled with this fact is the general level of security, which is mostly underdeveloped also. A dangerous interplay among all these factors come about: that the crime level in developing countries are by far, more than the ones recorded in so many other developed countries. Also weapon proliferation plays an important part in the prevalence of crime. In conclusion, different individuals have different motives when they think of crime. Some do indulge in crime in other to make ends meet. Yet other persons involve in crime just because they can get away with it. Some are victims of circumstance while yet others are criminals by choice. REFERENCES Samenow, E. S., Inside the Criminal Mind, (New York: Crown Business, 1984), pgs. 20-22; Jeffery, C. R., Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1971), page 24; Schmalleger, F., Criminology Today An Integrative Introduction Fourth Edition, (Upper Saddle River: Pearson-Prentice Hall, 2006), page 118-119;

Johnny Cash- Tragic Hero Essay Example

Johnny Cash Johnny Cash- Tragic Hero Paper Johnny Cash- Tragic Hero Paper The person starts by taking the drugs, but then the drugs start taking the person, thats what happened to me said Johnny Cash about his own addiction, in his autobiography Man In Black. Johnny Cash was born In a small town in Arkansas and used his musical talent and Incredible story-telling valuables to win the hearts of Americans during the sass Into the sass. But all that fame and fortune can take Its toll on a person and cause that person to resort to desperate measures In order to go on with their lives. Johnny Cashs decisions during his time of fame and the legalization of his faults give way to him being called a tragic hero. Johnny Cash was a child of the depression and was no better off than most families of the plane states during the sass. Born J. R. Cash, Johnny grew up picking cotton in the small town of Dyes, Arkansas. J. R. Wouldnt become the infamous Johnny Cash until July of 1950, when he signed up for the Air Force. The Air Force would not accept his initials of J. R. , so Cash quickly chose the name Johnny. Cash spent four years in the Air Force and was even transferred to Europe for almost 2 years. During this time, Cash kept a relined close to home named Vivian Liberty and they would be wed in June of 1954 when Cash returned home. Cashs free time In the Alarm Force led to his love of music and although the road to fame would be rough, In time Johnny Cash would become a country music legend. Cash auditioned for Sam Phillips at Sun Records on September 9, 1954. The audition went well, and although Phillips likes Cashs authentic voice, he warned that he would be pushing Cash to sound more mainstream. Cashs first single came out in March of 1955 however; it was not a hit with listeners. But Cash did not give up and his next single brought more and more anus to his music. Cashs fame continued to grow and in 1958 he welcomed a new record contract with Columbia Records. A few years later, in 1 962 Cash would make his debut at Carnegie Hall in New York and he would also begin his own show on BBC, The Cash Show. The following year, Cash would record his best selling single Ring of Fire. The hectic lifestyle off musician became too much for Cash to handle, and he began to look for help In all of the wrong places which would lead to his downfall. Once I knew how to drink beer and look for a girl, It was no big thing o drink the hard stuff and look for a fight said Cash in 1962 on his post performance tendencies (Turner 35). Cash also later spoke of graduating from beer to cognac and having wild times in which he would learn how well he could curse (Turner). Cash would wander town and drunk and high off of amphetamines and was becoming the city saddest Joke (Campbell 152). Cash would be arrested for the first time in November 1961 on the charges of Public Drunkenness, and his new habits and addictions would lead to four more arrests over the next 5 years. In 1967 Cash would be sued for $125. 00 for starting a forest fire in a wildlife refuge in California. For the last time, In 1967 Cash would be arrested for Public Drunkenness in Lafayette Georgia. But these addictions began to run his life and this was obvious to fans, friends and family. Even Cashs days off were Immensely In a haze of amphetamines and tranquilizer. Johnny Cash seemed to sink as low as a human get (Campbell After a long night in jail, Cash realized what he had let happen to his life, 149). Ana Immediately wanted to TAX every mistake en Ana ma e a . L dont ever want out AT this cell again. I Just want to stay here alone and pray that God will forgive me and then let die because Im too weak to face everyone that Ill have to face. Known that my family is heartbroken, known that my friends and fans are hurt and disappointed- its more that I can reconcile with them. Later that same month, Cash contacted DRP. Nat Winston, the Tennessee Commissioner of Mental Health, who told him to get ready for the fight of your life. Ill have to treat you as if you have no responsibilities, as if youre a child. But Cash agreed, and was willing to do whatever it took to himself up. To add to his struggles, in 1968 Cashs marriage to Vivian Liberty ended. Only a few weeks later, Cash married June Carter who had toured with him and stuck by his side through his hard times. June was already doing her best to stop his drug habits by checking his pockets, discussing his problems and even keeping bad influences away from their home. In Johnnys world of demons, June was his angel (Leopold). All of the hard work and support paid off, and Johnny Cash, became clean of drugs. Johnny Cash was also now willing to share the stories of his past mistakes with anyone who wanted to listen. The most remarkable aspect if Johnnys openness was that he was probably the first superstar to actually hold up his hands and admit what hed done wrong in the past(Campbell 199). Cash continued his music career and he acquired many awards that include: 10 Grammar Awards, A Grammar Lifetime Achievement Award, and an MET Video Award. He was inducted into the Rock n Roll Hall of Fame and was at the time, youngest living, and currently still is the youngest inductee into the the Country Music Hall of Fame. Johnny Cash continued his drug free life until 2003, when in May, he lost his wife June to complications from surgery. Less than 4 months later, Johnny too passed away from respiratory problems only to be reunited with his angel. it was a sad day in Memphis, but a beautiful day in heaven (Leopold). To this day, Cashs songs are still being put onto albums and sold on the top of the charts. Johnny Cash is considered a tragic hero not only because of the mistakes he made in his life, but also his ability to realize and overcome those mistakes. Johnny started as J. R. Cash a small cotton-picking boy from Arkansas and worked his way to become he most widely known name in country music. Cash realizes and holds himself accountable for the decisions he made during his music career and the consequences that followed. But more importantly he was also responsible for his recovery and his drug free life that followed him until his passing in 2003. He went from being as wild as Hank Williams to being almost as respected as one of the fathers of our country. (Craftsperson). It was Johnnys strong will and love that allowed him to overcome these obstacles that made him Cash, The Man in Black and the legend that he is today.

Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Melchert, and Hum's Theories Essay - 1

Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Melchert, and Hum's Theories - Essay Example When we speak that there is particularly good in existence, for example, then â€Å"good† can be referred to as proper universal form (Melchert, 28). However, Aristotle challenged Plato’s argument that the nature of universals is instantiated.   He argued that all universals are attached to existing things. Aristotle believed that the nature of universal can be predicted. This is because universal only exist its relation must have occurred, is occurring or must occur in the future. Hence if a universal cannot be predicted to an object that occurred in a certain period, it cannot exist. He also maintained universal location exist within each thing on which it existed. So, according to him, the form of an orange exists within each orange, rather in the world of oranges (Melchert, 35).Teleology is a philosophical explanation that explains the fact that the final causes do exist in nature. This theory put across the assumption that human action and is existing factors in the nature of the environment (Melchert, 123).   Generally, this theory explains the purpose, end, aim, and goal of the existence of something. Aristotle explained this theory by arguing that without artificial interference, action will happen as stipulated by the natural forces affecting it. An example put across by Aristotle states that a seedling reaches to a level of the adult plant as its final cause.While explaining his metaphysics, Aristotle always argued that the final cause of an action or an object is already stipulated by nature and no force can change this outcome. Through teleology, his argument on final causes was further explained. Additionally, Aristotle has argued against many philosophers claims that all things revolve around the necessity. By this statement, Aristotle believed that the philosophers were against the purpose, end, aim and goal policy of teleology (Melchert, 112).

How children learn the sounds of their language Coursework - 1

How children learn the sounds of their language - Coursework Example From the outset children learn to speak as the result of being part of a social and cultural fabric. Halliday (1980) proposes that we ‘learn language, learn through language and learn about language simultaneously as we use language’. Language cannot be learned in isolation from others. As soon as children are born they enter the world they find themselves to be part of adult conversations. For the most part ‘motherese’ (see vialle, Lysaght & Verenkina 2000, p.74), is an extremely small part of the language children hear. The overwhelming majority of the language forms in the children’s immediate culture and environment is framed in adult conventions without any attempt to simplify. As parents and others care for the daily needs of children they chatter to the child, asking questions (‘who’s a pretty baby? Did you have a big sleep?’), they share family stories (‘Grandma’s coming today and we are going shopping’) and they use language that they neither expect the child to understand or respond to at this stage. Families include children in their language acts as they gather around their new offspring. And all this time there is myriad background talk emanating from radios, televisions, computers and often other siblings. While this language may often seem to be a jumble of noise and sounds, there is always one constant in play: meaning is being developed through social interaction. This is the driving force that will operate throughout the initial years in each child’s language development and beyond (vialle, Lysaght & Verenikina 2000, p.66). Language learning is a mutual process -- Children are not passive passengers in the language that surrounds them. Young children can understand a great deal a long time before they can actually vocalize any recognizable words. As active participants in the everyday interactions of life, gradually children realize that

Cultural Differences between China and the U.S.A. Essay Example for Free

Cultural Differences between China and the U.S.A. Essay China and the United States have different cultural backgrounds, different values and national conditions, it determines the Sino-US education idea, education mode and method is put in the difference with bigger. Chinas basic education and basic education in the United States were compared, the majority of people believe that education is the foundation of China, the basic education, learn more understanding and less; American education is to cultivate innovation ability education, learning more than studying. What is the science or Enlightenment? In twentieth Century, the famous British mathematician, philosopher, educator Whitehead once said: education is a complicated problem On this issue there is only a little I can be sure, that is not generally applicable and simple way. Each student in the school s development, it is not only the educational mode, education content, education system and method to decide, because in the growth of the students, society, family, school education and individual four together play. Therefore, we can not only with the part of the students development, to assert that the entire education system rationality, so it is unreasonable. Two the difference of basic education between China and America Basic education between China and America merits, different people hold no point of view. For example, if the comparison is the mathematical curriculum, China s basic education must exceed the United States; but if the comparison of students practical ability especially the practice ability and innovation ability, the American basic education is certainly more than chinese. Elementary education between America and why there is this discrepancy? First, the two countries have very different educational tradition, Chinese basic education pay attention to the accumulation of knowledge and indoctrination, pay attention to the cultivation of students knowledge of their master, pay attention to the cultivation of students the same thinking. While the United States is to pay attention to the training of students to use the knowledge to solve the actual problem ability, pay attention to the cultivation of the students knowledge of development and innovation, pay attention to the cultivation of students critical thinking and divergent thinking. We can see, China Education focused on knowledge static acceptance, and the United States of America education focuses on knowledge of the dynamic control; China is a mode of education, while the United States is a kind of elite education. As the Nobel winner professor Chen Ning Yang said, China and the United States educational philosophy is quite different, the United States of America education philosophy on the former 30%-40% student is good, because they do not need to follow the prescribed order of learning, can jump in learning, the students through training can quickly achieve success. While Chinese education philosophy on 30%-40% student is good, because these students follow the prescribed order, has a solid foundation of the process, have become the opportunity. Secondly, different country on the foundation stage of Education Foundation has different understanding. Take mathematics as an example, the educational circles of China have historically considered, the basic concept and the basic operation is the foundation of mathematics in middle school, so we need to remember a lot of formulas and theorems. While the United States that know where to find these theorems and formulas are more important, they think that can be found in these formulas and theorems, there is no need to worry effort to memory, the brain can be saved to think about other things, such as the theorem has applications? If I need to learn? Wait. Chinas education is the basis of that, the brain in a computer independent premise, the reserve knowledge as much as possible, as quickly as possible to extract knowledge, so Chinese students of the brain in these two aspects are fully trained ( on the end game wood, 2002). American education is the basis of that, the brain to make full use of the computer under the premise of development, give up those belonging to the computer work area required capacity, only those belonging to the computer cannot work areas required capacity ( on the end game wood, 2002). Therefore, when by virtue of classroom achievement scholarship, American students often than Chinese students, but can make full use of information tools, in specific practice areas, do some research work, Chinese students often than American students. Hence, in the development of brain underlying function, Chinese education better, but in the use of a variety of information tools to solve problems and make innovation, the United States educational advantage is self-evident. Moreover, from the value tropism, the American basic education from the perspective of individualism, individual supreme is the traditional value pursuit, American basic education of cultivating the students personality and creativity. Basic education in China is from social interests, collectivism and patriotism values is its tradition of the pursuit of value, which determines that Chinas basic education carried by the individual ability and the training of creative ability are also and values related to. This and the American individualism education a fundamental distinction. For example, the concrete teaching activity, the United States to encourage students to have their own ideas, teachers in the teaching process, pay attention to the students independent personalized thinking habits, pay attention to the students divergent thinking and critical thinking of the culture, politics, religion, history and many other aspects of the many problems teachers are prohibited to provide the only correct the answer, encourage a variety of different views exist, against the teacher instead of students thinking. China education focusing on the same thinking, when the examination, assessment focus is often the students knowledge, objective test almost flooded in the sciences, inspects the student to answer whether the test standard and consistent answers, the side guide students and teachers to set the only answer to be consistent, so the result is the most students rely on Teachers thinking and teaching. This and the United States banned from providing the only answer is quite different. The United States of America education emphasizes individual, Chinese education emphasizes respect love others. The ancients cloud, respect for nature love herself, not nurture. So we think, Chinese basic education relative to the United States of America s individualistic education, superior and more. Chinese basic education should be guaranteed in the standard of society under the premise of the pursuit of individual students and innovation ability the development of maximization. Finally, China s basic education attaches importance to the sound of the United States, and a plurality of Chinese education; education pay attention to the longitudinal depth, while the United States Education attention span; the United States of America education pay attention to cultivate students self-confidence and self-reliance spirit, Chinese education pay attention to cultivate students strict and rigorous academic attitude. The United States of America corresponding, a loose, free atmosphere, can fully take care of every student interest and the hobby; while the Chinese basic education is dull. Basic education in China is characterized by fast speed, high degree of difficulty, knowledge of many points, the high degree of abstraction, often the United States a week about the content of China, ten minutes can be finished, and students have the pressure of the college entrance examination, relative to foreign countries, students by pressure, quoting professor Chen Ning Yang s words Chinese education narrow stiff. From the above we can see, China, in the education idea, education mode and method, there is a great difference. China s education is more a model of education; and the United States of America focuses on emphasizing the innovation spirit, individualism, is a kind of elite education. In essence, focusing on innovation or focus on the foundation is an American basic education and basic education in China the fundamental difference. As the Nobel winner professor Chen Ning Yang said, China and the United States of America Education Foundation, cannot tell which one is good, which one is not good, be it differs from man to man. In the teaching process, for Chinese students, they should have more innovation, for American students, should let them lay a good foundation, it can compensate for each other, is the most appropriate. Three thinking American education is to the East, began to seize a base. In 2001 June, the United States President Bush proposed an education reform bill, $24000000000 in primary and secondary schools to strengthen the education investment and management, requires that all schools must hold the reading test ( approximate Chinese examination ) and math exam, students must pass the examination before graduation, only students meet the eligibility requirements, the school to receive federal extra government funding. If 3 consecutive unqualified, principals and teachers to leave. The bill got through to absolute advantage. Comparison of reference only, can only draw lessons from, in order to improve. The United States has acted, we should also take action. As can be seen, the United States of America s elementary education reform focuses on the basis of innovation in bridge foundation. China s basic education traditionally focus too much on the cultivation of students Collectivism, patriotism and common thinking, without adequate attention to the cultivation of students personality and creativity, so the education of our country should be based on the basis of the increase in innovation. ( a ) curriculum and course requirements We should give full consideration to the child and adolescent students physical, mental and psychological development stage, progressive. Different students should have different learning tasks, can not be one-sided pursuit of knowledge and too many courses, to know that knowledge is endless, the source of knowledge is very rich, cant put the eye only to lock in the textbook, should give students leave enough space for development, to those who have expertise students with adequate development of individualized freedom, as they provide sufficient superior conditions and the necessary learning guidance, so that more of Qian Zhongshus birth. The United States is not the national curriculum standards, but states, counties or districts can compile curriculum standard. From look on the whole, the United States of America curriculum is quite flexible, mainly including compulsory courses and elective classes two categories. Required courses for credit is more, content is wide but not deep, emphasize the students practical ability, thinking ability and awareness of the problem, to solve the question ability. Elective course of many types, are based mainly on students, employment and social life of the actual need, students according to their own interest in free to choose, to obtain the required credits. So we think, our country in the setting of curriculum time completely should learn from the American experience, emphasize the foundation of life, pay attention to life experience, guide multivariate development, more from the needs of society and students survival needs to consider, setting conforms to our country national curriculum standard. ( two) teaching material Chinese teaching material relative to the United States, is boring. Take the United States of Literature, the contents of the article are novels, short stories, essays and other kinds of themes, but, each subject by a number of different age, different types of styles of different articles. The article, with background reports, authors and other related content. In addition, each lesson has special column has associated the literature Web site, thereby facilitating students extracurricular reading. Many foreign genre, content is wide, it is domestic Chinese textbook can match. Therefore, we can draw lessons from the United States of America teaching material on knowledge widen, the contempt of the depth of knowledge of excessive mining; attach importance to the students practice ability, practical ability training, the contempt of the knowledge of the rote learning; pay attention to students learning autonomy, independence and creativity cultivation, despise the same thinking too much training, so as to our teaching materials, arrangement of reform. At the same time, the United States of America textbook illustrations, vivid image, in our textbook layout can also absorb it to this experience. ( three) the classroom teaching Our classroom teaching, classroom capacity, demand is high, the classroom atmosphere more serious. Although this gives students lay a solid system foundation, but also brought inactive classroom, teacher, student thinking less defects, typical teacher-centered teaching mode, and the United States of America free, relaxed classroom atmosphere, students can walk freely during the class, free discussion, to express own viewpoint, is a typical student centered teaching mode. Therefore, we can draw lessons from the United States of America s absorption of education mode, form Chinese characteristic education pattern, which is put forward by Professor He Kekang dominated subject education mode, to improve the traditional classroom teaching, improve the students enthusiasm and initiative, to cultivate the students creative thinking and divergent thinking. The specific measures are as follows: First of all, optimize the teaching goals. According to the needs of social development, developed to meet the needs of social development, meet the future employment needs of specific teaching objectives, and formulate the corresponding evaluation scheme, to ensure the teaching objectives of the implementation. Secondly, adjust the structure of classroom. Outstanding students as the main body, autonomous learning, free development idea, overcome students hello eat teaching phenomenon. Then, strengthen teaching methods. To follow through induction, guide correctly, improve students questions, the practical ability to solve problems, teachers should change their roles from the traditional preaching, impart knowledge and solve doubts are transformed into organizer, promoter, by management as a guide, the relationship between teachers and students should be converted to partners. At the same time, the teacher in the teaching process, pay attention to the use of suitable for the courses of various teaching mode of application, such as inquiry-based learning, Blended Learning. Finally, to create a good teaching environment. To establish harmonious relationship between teachers and students, to the students to create a good, harmonious, free study atmosphere. To encourage the learning and the use of modern information technology, the research and production of computer auxiliary teaching courseware, improving the quality of teaching, at the same time, make full use of the school to provide the digital learning environment, in the teaching process can realize the information technology and curriculum integration. ( four) other aspects In strengthening the above aspects at the same time, but also to improve the treatment of teachers, strengthening the teachers team construction; increase the investment in education, improve school conditions; at the same time regular teacher training, improve the quality of teaching. Four summary Through the above on the United States and China basic education after comparing, we can see, actually the most ideal education is the two kind of education modes advantages of integration, this will have solid foundation and innovation. But as a result of these two kinds of educational models are based on different cultural traditions and social background, so together with considerable difficulty. Chinas basic education and higher education, there exist some problems and shortcomings, the United States of America education it has many advantages and advanced education in China, worth learning. But this does not mean that the Chinese education reform must complete to American education as an example, the overall absorption, to know the Sino-US education system is rooted in the cultural tradition, historical background and value orientation, whoever can not fully absorb each others essence. To sum up, we can see, different education reflects the different social and cultural connotation of the United States now, suitable teaching methods may not be entirely suitable for the Chinese education. Therefore, China s education must be based on suitable for Chinas national conditions based on the, it reflects the Chinese social and cultural connotation. So, how to explore with Chinese characteristics, in line with Chinas national education method and the education system, is our future education

Accounting :: Accounting Finances Money Essays

Accounting On September 28, 1998, Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Arthur Levitt sounded the call to arms in the financial community. Levitt asked for, "immediate and coordinated action†¦ to assure credibility and transparency" of financial reporting. Levitt’s speech emphasized the importance of clear financial reporting to those gathered at New York University. Reporting which has bowed to the pressures and tricks of earnings management. Levitt specifically addresses five of the most popular tricks used by firms to smooth earnings. Secondly, Levitt outlines an eight part action plan to recover the integrity of financial reporting in the U.S. market place. What are the basic objectives of financial reporting? Generally accepted accounting principles provide information that identifies, measures, and communicates financial information about economic entities to reasonably knowledgeable users. Information that is a source of decision making for a wide array of users, most importantly, by investors and creditors. Investors and creditors who are responsible for effective allocation of capital in our economy. If financial reporting becomes obscure and indecipherable, society loses the benefits of effective capital allocation. Nothing illustrates the importance of transparent information better than the pre-1930’s era of anything goes accounting. An era that left a chasm of misinformation in the market. A chasm that was a contributing factor to the market collapse of 1929 and the years of economic depression. An entire society suffered the repercussions of misinformation. Families, and retirees depend on the credibility of financial reporting for their futures and livelihoods. Levitt describes financial reporting as, a bond between the company and the investor which if damaged can have disastrous, long-lasting consequences. Once again, the bond is being tested. Tested by a financial community fixated on consensus earnings estimates. Th e pressure to achieve consensus estimates has never been so intense. The market demands consistency and punishes those who come up short. Eric Benhamou, former CEO of 3COM Corporation, learned this hard lesson over a few short weeks in 1996. Benhamou and shareholders lost $7 billion in market value when 3COM failed to achieve expectations. The pressures are a tangled web of expectations, and conflicts of interest which Levitt describes as "almost self-perpetuating." With pressures mounting, the answer from U.S. managers has been earnings management with a mix of managed expectations. March of 1997 Fortune magazine reported that for an unprecedented sixteen consecutive quarters, more S&P 500 companies have beat the consensus earnings estimate than missed them.

English as a Global Language

English as a global language English is spoken in most parts of the world, for instance in Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and in many more countries. Moreover in African states English serves as main form of communication. English is, after the Chinese one, the language most people speak and it is the most popular second language and foreign language pupils learn in school. The English language is often named as a â€Å"killer language† that wipes out smaller languages and their cultures by exclusive use (f. e. media, economy). English is not popular because of its linguistic properties but there are conscious, co-ordinated promotion programmes. But if there are so many speaking the same language there remains the question of human’s diversity – concerning biological, cultural and political matters. We also have to take into consideration, that English as a global language is also linked to social costs, because the teaching and accommodat ion of the languages for immigrant minorities is rather irrational. Language policy in the post-colonial situation: There are a lot of colonial states with multilingual character because of the imperialist powers in the 19th and 20th century. In Africa, for example, there are no attempts to use any African language in high-status functions, they are not even taught in schools. The period during colonialism changed a lot in the world’s history and following development, and colonialism make us think about cheap rawmaterials and workers the imperialist powers wanted to gain, but we often forget about something else, which an African statesman expresses in his speech: The real aim of colonialism was to control the people’s _wealth†¦ but) economic and political control can never be complete or effective without mental control. To control a people’s culture is to control their tools of self-definition in relationship to others. For colonialism, this involved two aspects of the same process: the destruction or the deliberate undervaluing of a people’s culture, their art, dances, religions, history, geography, education, orature and literature, and the conscious elevation of the language of the coloniser. The domination of a people’s language by the languages of the colonising nations was crucial to the domination of the mental universe of the colonised. Ngugi wa Thiong’o (extract from his famous essay on â€Å"The language of African literature†) But there are several arguments for the demand of the adoption of the ex-colonial languages as official ones. First, regarded politically, the choice of any indigenous language would destabilise African states which are multilingual. A second argument would be, that the continue use of the ex-colonial language is rather â€Å"practical† because in the end it was accepted by the majority. From having been the language of the oppressor, English, for instance, became the language of national unity and national liberation. There was a sense (economically and technically) in ex-colonial languages, because then they are linked to their â€Å"mother country† and the language-infrastructure delivers a pool of skills, like as prorate books, dictionaries, registers, etc. It would be useless to imitate and duplicate in any of African languages. But these arguments were not often used in cultural discussions, because the European languages often affect as superior to the indigenous â€Å"vernaculars†. The development seems to be inevitable because with the problem of unemployment, the ability to speak English is very important, but English can’t be blamed for the developments demanding an international lingua franca to facilitate a world wide exchange of knowledge everyone can understand. Killer languages were always introduced by those who were in control of power. The USA with the strongest currency the Dollar, shows that it is not coincidental that English is the leading candidate as a global language. Because of the English predominance in the industrial world, more and more peoples will have to join in and the question remains if they are able to keep their own identities. There is no danger if regional groups manage to keep their own language for internal communication, but in less developed countries the members of small linguistic groups have to change to a language of a higher rank in the language hierarchy. Because that way they are more flexible and the chances in world-wide competition are bigger. In Australia parents even force their children to speak English instead of their own indigenous mother tongue, because they want to provide them better chances for their future. Shortly, you can say that by surviving in a capitalistic system of competition many peoples are forced to support a process which destroys their own culture. In Countries of GB’s old colonial empire (e. g. : Australia, USA, Canada, New Zealand) the native populations were either killed or enslaved, and the Anglo- Saxon culture and language were adopted. This seemed to be a natural process. In Africa the new system of additive bilingualism shall be introduced now. That means that the 1st language maintains and a second one is added. This system developed out of the Bantu Education, which inforced black schoolchildren to learn English with the help of a racist curriculum (Stundenplan). But African children rebelled which is called the_ Soweto Uprising of 1976_, by now. This truly baneful legacy of Apartheid and a lack of will amongst most of the political leadership are the main reasons why there is no successful policy of multilingualism and multilingualistic education in Africa yet. On contrary, there’s really a language problem like in India and other former colonies. The leaders followed the French or English only (or mainly) language policies after formal independence from the colonial rule. Most of these countries returned to their mother – tongue within. Prof. Alexander Neville thinks, that if additive bilingualism is carried out systematically but flexibly, there should be a high level of literacy in Africa in the course of the next century (1 African language and at least some fluency in English for all Africans). African schools could normalise (competent language teachers like most countries of the world). We think this is a rather optimistic view. But what is the right way to learn a language? In the Internet Research there are some conditions quoted as important to learn a 2nd language: Teachers‘ language proficiency Teachers‘ competence as teachers (understand and overcome pupils‘ problems) Exposure to the language outside the classroom Adequate textbooks and material There’s a need for one or two world languages in the fields of trade, technology and diplomacy. But there’s a global tension between this need on one hand, and the national and regional need for a language in which the history and treasures of the cultures of the world‘s diverse peoples, are captured, on the other hand. Nowadays, as English is the lingua franca of the EU, massive efforts of translation and interpretation have to be taken. A lingua franca and Multilingualism should stand side by side, forming a common language policy. Changes in the Teaching of English David Crystal (Author of „English as a Global Languageâ€Å") thinks that English became the world language not because of any intrinsic linguistic qualities, but because at significant moments in history it happened to be ‘in the right place at the right time'. â€Å"The Future of English? by Graddol, suggests that English is at a turning point in its development as an international language: it has become a global language at a time when the world itself is undergoing rapid change. Indeed, English is very much a part of the process of transformation, which is creating a more closely interconnected world in which people and machines talk easily to each other from one country to any other in the world. It is clear that mo re and more people learning English as a foreign language do so in order to communicate with other non-native speakers of English. This marks a significant change in the nature and purpose of teaching and learning English around the world, which has hitherto been built on the idea of teaching a native speaker model of English (usually British or American) to allow communication between the learner and native speakers. If you consider, that the number of people speaking English as a second language will soon outnumber the one of those speaking it as a first tongue, you will understand, that also the way of teaching English has to change. Therefor new methods of English Language teaching (ELT) have been developed to be able to teach also the diverse and changing contexts in which English will be used in the future. There are courses on the Internet and special groups, where English teachers from all over the world discuss about the new challenge of their profession. Diana and Julia Brugger Opinions: What makes a global language? Why is English a leading candidate? Will it hold this position? A few years ago I travelled around Europe with a friend. Although we knew only a little French, we were able to travel with no problem. Everyone we encountered, with a few exceptions, spoke English. It was comforting to be able to communicate with others when we were lost, needed help or just wanted to talk. Personally, I think a universal language would benefit most people. I agree, however, that one should not replace native languages. Native languages are symbols of culture, the past and its people. From what we have learned so far I think a universal language would have maybe eliminated some of the oppression and subordination some peoples faced at the hands of colonisers. Cheryl Fonda Undoubtedly, the English language is a powerful tool and has been a dominant force in suppressing the colonies during Imperialism. Fortunately, Pakistan ( my native country) which was under British rule did not let go of it's native language despite British influence. English remains the official language, but we have our own national language called Urdu, which is quite dominant. Shandana *Khanzada* (Pakistan) I guess from the heading of this posting that we would assume that English would be a great candidate for this universal language. I do feel that it might eliminate some tension if everyone had access to a certain universal language and couldn't be exploited as easily. However, most diplomats and such already speak English. It is the poor of every nation that don't have access to English education, so the hierarchy still continues. The universal language would cause exploitation of poor by the rich. The only difference is that it would not be a nation exploiting another but people of a nation exploiting there own countrymen. Wesley Edwards We as English speakers take a lot for granted†¦ when it comes to languages we are very self-centred. True a universal language would make business and politics much easier, but each language carries much of a culture. If you have ever tried translating poetry from one language to another you know how words don't have exact translations and almost all subtleties are lost. Think about even within the English language†¦ each dialect ( southern, Midwest, New England) has its own character. Elizabeth Nelson A universal language sounds great in theory but the work that implementing it would entail is overwhelming to say the least. I too have travelled to other countries and have felt very lucky when others know English and were able to help me. —Americans should really know other languages well considering the resources we have here, but the truth of the matter is that we do not. I think a universal language would be more convenient but it would eventually wipe out certain difference among us that serve as positive vehicles for learning and experience. Laura Sykes English as a Global Language English as a global language English is spoken in most parts of the world, for instance in Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and in many more countries. Moreover in African states English serves as main form of communication. English is, after the Chinese one, the language most people speak and it is the most popular second language and foreign language pupils learn in school. The English language is often named as a â€Å"killer language† that wipes out smaller languages and their cultures by exclusive use (f. e. media, economy). English is not popular because of its linguistic properties but there are conscious, co-ordinated promotion programmes. But if there are so many speaking the same language there remains the question of human’s diversity – concerning biological, cultural and political matters. We also have to take into consideration, that English as a global language is also linked to social costs, because the teaching and accommodat ion of the languages for immigrant minorities is rather irrational. Language policy in the post-colonial situation: There are a lot of colonial states with multilingual character because of the imperialist powers in the 19th and 20th century. In Africa, for example, there are no attempts to use any African language in high-status functions, they are not even taught in schools. The period during colonialism changed a lot in the world’s history and following development, and colonialism make us think about cheap rawmaterials and workers the imperialist powers wanted to gain, but we often forget about something else, which an African statesman expresses in his speech: The real aim of colonialism was to control the people’s _wealth†¦ but) economic and political control can never be complete or effective without mental control. To control a people’s culture is to control their tools of self-definition in relationship to others. For colonialism, this involved two aspects of the same process: the destruction or the deliberate undervaluing of a people’s culture, their art, dances, religions, history, geography, education, orature and literature, and the conscious elevation of the language of the coloniser. The domination of a people’s language by the languages of the colonising nations was crucial to the domination of the mental universe of the colonised. Ngugi wa Thiong’o (extract from his famous essay on â€Å"The language of African literature†) But there are several arguments for the demand of the adoption of the ex-colonial languages as official ones. First, regarded politically, the choice of any indigenous language would destabilise African states which are multilingual. A second argument would be, that the continue use of the ex-colonial language is rather â€Å"practical† because in the end it was accepted by the majority. From having been the language of the oppressor, English, for instance, became the language of national unity and national liberation. There was a sense (economically and technically) in ex-colonial languages, because then they are linked to their â€Å"mother country† and the language-infrastructure delivers a pool of skills, like as prorate books, dictionaries, registers, etc. It would be useless to imitate and duplicate in any of African languages. But these arguments were not often used in cultural discussions, because the European languages often affect as superior to the indigenous â€Å"vernaculars†. The development seems to be inevitable because with the problem of unemployment, the ability to speak English is very important, but English can’t be blamed for the developments demanding an international lingua franca to facilitate a world wide exchange of knowledge everyone can understand. Killer languages were always introduced by those who were in control of power. The USA with the strongest currency the Dollar, shows that it is not coincidental that English is the leading candidate as a global language. Because of the English predominance in the industrial world, more and more peoples will have to join in and the question remains if they are able to keep their own identities. There is no danger if regional groups manage to keep their own language for internal communication, but in less developed countries the members of small linguistic groups have to change to a language of a higher rank in the language hierarchy. Because that way they are more flexible and the chances in world-wide competition are bigger. In Australia parents even force their children to speak English instead of their own indigenous mother tongue, because they want to provide them better chances for their future. Shortly, you can say that by surviving in a capitalistic system of competition many peoples are forced to support a process which destroys their own culture. In Countries of GB’s old colonial empire (e. g. : Australia, USA, Canada, New Zealand) the native populations were either killed or enslaved, and the Anglo- Saxon culture and language were adopted. This seemed to be a natural process. In Africa the new system of additive bilingualism shall be introduced now. That means that the 1st language maintains and a second one is added. This system developed out of the Bantu Education, which inforced black schoolchildren to learn English with the help of a racist curriculum (Stundenplan). But African children rebelled which is called the_ Soweto Uprising of 1976_, by now. This truly baneful legacy of Apartheid and a lack of will amongst most of the political leadership are the main reasons why there is no successful policy of multilingualism and multilingualistic education in Africa yet. On contrary, there’s really a language problem like in India and other former colonies. The leaders followed the French or English only (or mainly) language policies after formal independence from the colonial rule. Most of these countries returned to their mother – tongue within. Prof. Alexander Neville thinks, that if additive bilingualism is carried out systematically but flexibly, there should be a high level of literacy in Africa in the course of the next century (1 African language and at least some fluency in English for all Africans). African schools could normalise (competent language teachers like most countries of the world). We think this is a rather optimistic view. But what is the right way to learn a language? In the Internet Research there are some conditions quoted as important to learn a 2nd language: Teachers‘ language proficiency Teachers‘ competence as teachers (understand and overcome pupils‘ problems) Exposure to the language outside the classroom Adequate textbooks and material There’s a need for one or two world languages in the fields of trade, technology and diplomacy. But there’s a global tension between this need on one hand, and the national and regional need for a language in which the history and treasures of the cultures of the world‘s diverse peoples, are captured, on the other hand. Nowadays, as English is the lingua franca of the EU, massive efforts of translation and interpretation have to be taken. A lingua franca and Multilingualism should stand side by side, forming a common language policy. Changes in the Teaching of English David Crystal (Author of „English as a Global Languageâ€Å") thinks that English became the world language not because of any intrinsic linguistic qualities, but because at significant moments in history it happened to be ‘in the right place at the right time'. â€Å"The Future of English? by Graddol, suggests that English is at a turning point in its development as an international language: it has become a global language at a time when the world itself is undergoing rapid change. Indeed, English is very much a part of the process of transformation, which is creating a more closely interconnected world in which people and machines talk easily to each other from one country to any other in the world. It is clear that mo re and more people learning English as a foreign language do so in order to communicate with other non-native speakers of English. This marks a significant change in the nature and purpose of teaching and learning English around the world, which has hitherto been built on the idea of teaching a native speaker model of English (usually British or American) to allow communication between the learner and native speakers. If you consider, that the number of people speaking English as a second language will soon outnumber the one of those speaking it as a first tongue, you will understand, that also the way of teaching English has to change. Therefor new methods of English Language teaching (ELT) have been developed to be able to teach also the diverse and changing contexts in which English will be used in the future. There are courses on the Internet and special groups, where English teachers from all over the world discuss about the new challenge of their profession. Diana and Julia Brugger Opinions: What makes a global language? Why is English a leading candidate? Will it hold this position? A few years ago I travelled around Europe with a friend. Although we knew only a little French, we were able to travel with no problem. Everyone we encountered, with a few exceptions, spoke English. It was comforting to be able to communicate with others when we were lost, needed help or just wanted to talk. Personally, I think a universal language would benefit most people. I agree, however, that one should not replace native languages. Native languages are symbols of culture, the past and its people. From what we have learned so far I think a universal language would have maybe eliminated some of the oppression and subordination some peoples faced at the hands of colonisers. Cheryl Fonda Undoubtedly, the English language is a powerful tool and has been a dominant force in suppressing the colonies during Imperialism. Fortunately, Pakistan ( my native country) which was under British rule did not let go of it's native language despite British influence. English remains the official language, but we have our own national language called Urdu, which is quite dominant. Shandana *Khanzada* (Pakistan) I guess from the heading of this posting that we would assume that English would be a great candidate for this universal language. I do feel that it might eliminate some tension if everyone had access to a certain universal language and couldn't be exploited as easily. However, most diplomats and such already speak English. It is the poor of every nation that don't have access to English education, so the hierarchy still continues. The universal language would cause exploitation of poor by the rich. The only difference is that it would not be a nation exploiting another but people of a nation exploiting there own countrymen. Wesley Edwards We as English speakers take a lot for granted†¦ when it comes to languages we are very self-centred. True a universal language would make business and politics much easier, but each language carries much of a culture. If you have ever tried translating poetry from one language to another you know how words don't have exact translations and almost all subtleties are lost. Think about even within the English language†¦ each dialect ( southern, Midwest, New England) has its own character. Elizabeth Nelson A universal language sounds great in theory but the work that implementing it would entail is overwhelming to say the least. I too have travelled to other countries and have felt very lucky when others know English and were able to help me. —Americans should really know other languages well considering the resources we have here, but the truth of the matter is that we do not. I think a universal language would be more convenient but it would eventually wipe out certain difference among us that serve as positive vehicles for learning and experience. Laura Sykes

Propliopithecus (Aegyptopithecus) Profile

Name: Propliopithecus (Greek for before Pliopithecus); pronounced PRO-ply-oh-pith-ECK-us; also known as Aegyptopithecus Habitat: Woodlands of northern Africa Historical Epoch: Middle Oligocene (30-25 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and 10 pounds Diet: Probably omnivorous Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; sexual dimorphism; flat face with forward-facing eyes About Propliopithecus (Aegyptopithecus) As you can tell from its nearly unpronounceable  name, Propliopithecus was named in reference to the much later Pliopithecus; this middle Oligocene primate may also have been the same animal as Aegyptopithecus, which provisionally continues to occupy its own genus. The importance of Propliopithecus is that it occupied a place on the primate evolutionary tree very near to the ancient split between old world (i.e., African and Eurasian) apes and monkeys, and may well have been the earliest true ape. Still, Propliopithecus was no chest-pounding behemoth; this ten-pound primate looked like a small gibbon, ran on all fours like a macaque, and possessed a relatively flat face with forward-facing eyes, an adumbration of its human-like hominid descendants that evolved millions of years later. How smart was Propliopithecus? One shouldnt have too ambitious hopes for a primate that lived 25 million years ago, and in fact, an initial brain-size estimate of 30 square centimeters has since been reduced to 22 square centimeters, on the basis of more complete fossil evidence. In the course of analyzing skull samples, the same research team that produced the latter estimate also concluded that Propliopithecus was sexually dimorphic (males were about one and one-half times as big as females), and we can infer that this primate scrambled between the branches of trees—that is, it had not yet learned to walk on solid ground.